Spitbank Fort (Palmerston Forts)

Palmerston Forts: "The Palmerston Forts that encircle Portsmouth were built in response to the 1859 Royal Commission dealing with the perceived threat of a French invasion. The forts were intended to defend the Dockyard in Portsmouth. Construction was carried out by the Royal Engineers and civilian contractors (under Royal Engineer supervision). In addition to the newly constructed forts, extensive work was carried out on existing fortifications. As well as the forts surrounding Portsmouth, further protection for Portsmouth was provided by existing and new defences on the Isle of Wight. The Portsmouth defences can be split into four distinct groups. The first are the four forts built in the Solent. These sea forts were designed to protect the eastern approaches to Portsmouth Harbour." -Wikipedia Spitbank Fort: "Spitbank Fort is a sea fort built as a result of the 1859 Royal Commission. The fort is located in the Solent, near Portsmouth, England. Work on constructing the fort started in 1861 but was soon halted for a review into the best way to defend the Solent and approaches to Portsmouth Harbour. Work restarted in 1867 and was completed in 1878. Spitbank is smaller than the two main Solent forts, Horse Sand Fort and No Mans Land Fort. Its main purpose was as a further line of defence for ships that made it past the two main forts. It is 162 feet in diameter across at its base, with 1 floor and a basement and armour plating only on the seaward side. It was originally planned to have been armed with nine 10" eighteen ton rifled muzzle loader (RML) guns on the seaward side, and six 7" seven ton RML guns on the landward side. However, by the time of completion the plan had changed so that the seaward side received nine 12.5" thirty eight ton RML guns. In 1898 the role of the fort was changed to defend against light craft and the roof was fitted out with two 4.7" guns and searchlights. In the early 1900s all but three original large guns were removed. Minor upgrades to the smaller guns and searchlights continued through the years. The fort was declared surplus to requirements in 1962 and disposed of by the Ministry of Defence in 1982. The fort is now privately owned and opens as a museum. It is available for private functions and has limited accommodation available. Beginning June 4, 2002 the Fort was used as a location for 'Banged Up With Beadle'. For six weeks British TV 'personality' Jeremy Beadle was locked in its dungeons. Cameras followed him as he coped with survival, plus learning skills with a different member of the public each week. These skills were put to the test as a live insert each Saturday evening into 'Ant and Dec's Takeaway'. Apart from those already mentioned there is one other sea fort, built just off the north east coast of the Isle of Wight, St Helens Fort." -Wikipedia